The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

We present a neural technique for learning to select a local sub-region around a point which can be used for mesh parameterization. The motivation for our framework is driven by interactive workflows used for decaling, texturing, or painting on surfaces. Our key idea is to incorporate segmentation probabilities as weights of a classical parameterization method, implemented as a novel differentiable parameterization layer within a neural network framework. We train a segmentation network to select 3D regions that are parameterized into 2D and penalized by the resulting distortion, giving rise to segmentations which are distortion-aware. Following training, a user can use our system to interactively select a point on the mesh and obtain a large, meaningful region around the selection which induces a low-distortion parameterization. Our code and project page are currently available.

The SNMMI Artificial Intelligence (SNMMI-AI) Summit, organized by the SNMMI AI Task Force, took place in Bethesda, MD on March 21-22, 2022. It brought together various community members and stakeholders from academia, healthcare, industry, patient representatives, and government (NIH, FDA), and considered various key themes to envision and facilitate a bright future for routine, trustworthy use of AI in nuclear medicine. In what follows, essential issues, challenges, controversies and findings emphasized in the meeting are summarized.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is having a tremendous impact across most areas of science. Applications of AI in healthcare have the potential to improve our ability to detect, diagnose, prognose, and intervene on human disease. For AI models to be used clinically, they need to be made safe, reproducible and robust, and the underlying software framework must be aware of the particularities (e.g. geometry, physiology, physics) of medical data being processed. This work introduces MONAI, a freely available, community-supported, and consortium-led PyTorch-based framework for deep learning in healthcare. MONAI extends PyTorch to support medical data, with a particular focus on imaging, and provide purpose-specific AI model architectures, transformations and utilities that streamline the development and deployment of medical AI models. MONAI follows best practices for software-development, providing an easy-to-use, robust, well-documented, and well-tested software framework. MONAI preserves the simple, additive, and compositional approach of its underlying PyTorch libraries. MONAI is being used by and receiving contributions from research, clinical and industrial teams from around the world, who are pursuing applications spanning nearly every aspect of healthcare.

DeepMind的游戏理论与多代理团队研究多学科学习的几个方面，从计算近似值到游戏理论中的基本概念，再到在富裕的空间环境中模拟社会困境，并在困难的团队协调任务中培训3-D类人动物。我们小组的一个签名目的是使用DeepMind在DeepMind中提供的资源和专业知识，以深入强化学习来探索复杂环境中的多代理系统，并使用这些基准来提高我们的理解。在这里，我们总结了我们团队的最新工作，并提出了一种分类法，我们认为这重点介绍了多代理研究中许多重要的开放挑战。

过渡到成年是许多家庭的重要生活阶段。先前的研究表明，具有智力或发展的年轻人（IDD）比同龄人面临的挑战更多。这项研究是为了探索如何使用自然语言处理（NLP）方法，尤其是无监督的机器学习，以帮助心理学家分析情绪和情感，并使用主题建模来确定年轻人IDD及其家人所拥有的常见问题和挑战。此外，将结果与从没有IDD的年轻人那里获得的结果进行了比较。研究结果表明，NLP方法对于心理学家分析情绪，进行跨案例分析并从对话数据中汇总关键主题非常有用。我们的Python代码可在https://github.com/mlaricheva/emotion_topic_modeling上找到。

由于生成对抗网络（GAN）的突破，3D可控制的肖像合成已大大提高。但是，用精确的3D控制操纵现有的面部图像仍然具有挑战性。虽然连接gan倒置和3D感知，但噪声到图像是一种直接的解决方案，但它效率低下，可能导致编辑质量明显下降。为了填补这一空白，我们提出了3D-FM GAN，这是一个专门为3D可控制的面部操作设计的新型有条件GAN框架，并且在端到端学习阶段后不需要任何调整。通过小心地编码输入面图像和3D编辑的基于物理的渲染，我们的图像生成器提供了高质量，具有身份的3D控制面部操纵。为了有效地学习这种新颖的框架，我们制定了两种基本的训练策略和一种新颖的乘法共同调制体系结构，可在天真的方案上显着改善。通过广泛的评估，我们表明我们的方法在各种任务上的表现优于先前的艺术，具有更好的编辑性，更强的身份保存和更高的照片真实性。此外，我们在大型姿势编辑和室外图像上展示了设计更好的概括性。

会话数据在心理学中至关重要，因为它可以帮助研究人员了解个人的认知过程，情感和行为。话语标签是分析此类数据的常见策略。 NLP算法的开发使研究人员可以自动化此任务。但是，心理对话数据给NLP研究人员带来了一些挑战，包括多标签分类，大量类别和有限的可用数据。这项研究探讨了NLP方法生成的自动标签如何与人类在成年过渡的对话的背景下与人类标签相媲美。我们提出了应对心理学研究中提出的三个共同挑战的策略。我们的发现表明，具有领域适应性的深度学习方法（Roberta-Con）优于所有其他机器学习方法。我们提出的分层标签系统被证明可帮助研究人员战略性地分析对话数据。我们的Python代码和NLP模型可在https://github.com/mlaricheva/automated_labeling上获得。

语言模型既展示了定量的改进，又展示了新的定性功能，随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响，但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息，为破坏性的新模型能力做准备，并改善社会有害的效果，至关重要的是，我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战，我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准（Big Bench）。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成，由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的，从语言学，儿童发展，数学，常识性推理，生物学，物理学，社会偏见，软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号，Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为，跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外，一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务，以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括：模型性能和校准都随规模改善，但绝对的术语（以及与评估者的性能相比）；在模型类中的性能非常相似，尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分，而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标；社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加，但这可以通过提示来改善。

通用形态（UNIMORPH）项目是一项合作的努力，可为数百种世界语言实例化覆盖范围的标准化形态拐角。该项目包括两个主要的推力：一种无独立的特征架构，用于丰富的形态注释，并以各种语言意识到该模式的各种语言的带注释数据的类型级别资源。本文介绍了过去几年对几个方面的扩张和改进（自McCarthy等人（2020年）以来）。众多语言学家的合作努力增加了67种新语言，其中包括30种濒危语言。我们已经对提取管道进行了一些改进，以解决一些问题，例如缺少性别和马克龙信息。我们还修改了模式，使用了形态学现象所需的层次结构，例如多肢体协议和案例堆叠，同时添加了一些缺失的形态特征，以使模式更具包容性。鉴于上一个UniMorph版本，我们还通过16种语言的词素分割增强了数据库。最后，这个新版本通过通过代表来自metphynet的派生过程的实例丰富数据和注释模式来推动将衍生物形态纳入UniMorph中。